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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

SCHEDULE 14A

Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Filed by the Registrant  x                             Filed by a Party other than the Registrant  ¨

Check the appropriate box:

GLADSTONE CAPITAL CORPORATION

(Name of Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)

(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement if Other Than the Registrant)

Payment of Filing Fee (Check the appropriate box)

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GLADSTONE CAPITAL CORPORATION

1521 Westbranch Drive, Suite 100, McLean, Virginia 22102

NOTICE OF ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

TO BE HELD ON FEBRUARY 13, 2014

To the Stockholders of Gladstone Capital Corporation:

Notice Is Hereby Given that the 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Gladstone Capital Corporation, a Maryland corporation, will be held on Thursday, February 13, 2014, at 11:00 a.m. local time at the Hilton McLean Tysons Corner at 7920 Jones Branch Drive, McLean, Virginia 22102 for the following purposes:

(1) To elect two directors, Ms. Michela A. English and Mr. Anthony W. Parker, to be elected by the holders of common stock and preferred stock, voting together as a single class, with such directors to serve until the annual meeting of stockholders in 2017 or until their successors are elected and qualified.

(2) To approve a proposal to authorize us, with the approval of our Board of Directors, to issue and sell shares of our common stock (during the next 12 months) at a price below its then current net asset value per share, subject to certain limitations set forth herein (including, without limitation, that the number of shares issued and sold pursuant to such authority does not exceed 25% of our then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale).

(3) To transact such other business as may properly come before the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof.

The foregoing items of business are more fully described in the Proxy Statement accompanying this Notice.

Our Board of Directors has fixed the close of business on Monday, December 9, 2013, as the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at this annual meeting and at any adjournment or postponement thereof.

McLean, Virginia

December 13, 2013

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ALL OF OUR STOCKHOLDERS ARE CORDIALLY INVITED TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING. WHETHER OR NOT YOU PLAN TO ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING, YOU ARE URGED TO COMPLETE, DATE, SIGN AND RETURN THE ENCLOSED PROXY CARD AS PROMPTLY AS POSSIBLE, SUBMIT YOUR PROXY ELECTRONICALLY VIA THE INTERNET, OR VOTE BY PROXY OVER THE TELEPHONE, AS INSTRUCTED IN THESE MATERIALS. SUBMITTING YOUR PROXY OR VOTING INSTRUCTIONS PROMPTLY WILL ASSIST US IN REDUCING THE EXPENSES OF ADDITIONAL PROXY SOLICITATION, BUT IT WILL NOT AFFECT YOUR RIGHT TO VOTE IN PERSON IF YOU ATTEND THE ANNUAL MEETING (AND, IF YOU ARE NOT A STOCKHOLDER OF RECORD, YOU HAVE OBTAINED A LEGAL PROXY FROM THE BANK, BROKER, TRUSTEE OR OTHER NOMINEE THAT HOLDS YOUR SHARES GIVING YOU THE RIGHT TO VOTE THE SHARES IN PERSON AT THE ANNUAL MEETING).

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GLADSTONE CAPITAL CORPORATION

1521 Westbranch Drive, Suite 100, McLean, Virginia 22102

PROXY STATEMENT

FOR THE 2014 ANNUAL MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

To Be Held On February 13, 2014

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THIS PROXY MATERIAL AND VOTING

Why am I receiving these materials?

We have sent you this Proxy Statement and the enclosed proxy card because the board of directors (the “Board”) of Gladstone Capital Corporation (“we,” “us,” or the “Company”) is soliciting your proxy to vote at the 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “meeting” or “annual meeting”), including adjournments or postponements thereof, if any. You are invited to attend the annual meeting to vote on the proposals described in this Proxy Statement. However, you do not need to attend the meeting to vote your shares. Instead, you may simply complete, sign and return the enclosed proxy card, or follow the instructions below to vote by proxy over the telephone or through the Internet.

We intend to mail these materials on or about December 13, 2013, to all stockholders of record entitled to vote at the annual meeting.

How can I attend the annual meeting?

The meeting will be held on Thursday, February 13, 2014, at 11:00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time (“Eastern Time”) at the Hilton McLean Tysons Corner at 7920 Jones Branch Drive, McLean, Virginia 22102. Directions to the annual meeting may be found at www.gladstonecapital.com. Information on how to vote in person at the annual meeting is discussed below.

Who can vote at the annual meeting?

Only our stockholders of record at the close of business on December 9, 2013, will be entitled to vote at the annual meeting. On this record date, there were 21,000,160 shares of common stock outstanding and entitled to vote and 1,540,000 shares of preferred stock outstanding and entitled to vote.

Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name

If on December 9, 2013, your shares were registered directly in your name with our transfer agent, Computershare, then you are a stockholder of record. As a stockholder of record, you may vote in person at the meeting or vote by proxy. Whether or not you plan to attend the meeting, we urge you to fill out and

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return the enclosed proxy card or vote by proxy over the telephone or through the Internet as instructed below to ensure your vote is counted.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of a Broker, Bank, or other Similar Organization

If on December 9, 2013, your shares were held, not in your name, but in an account at a brokerage firm, bank, dealer, or other similar organization (collectively, a “Brokerage Firm”), then you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” and these proxy materials are being forwarded to you by that Brokerage Firm because the Brokerage Firm holding your account is considered to be the stockholder of record for purposes of voting at the annual meeting. As a beneficial owner, you have the right to direct your Brokerage Firm regarding how to vote the shares in your account. You are also invited to attend the annual meeting. However, since you are not the stockholder of record, you may not vote your shares in person at the meeting unless you request and obtain a valid proxy from your Brokerage Firm.

What am I voting on?

There are two matters scheduled for a vote:

We will hold a conference call to discuss the matters scheduled for a vote at this year’s annual meeting on January 8, 2014, at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time. Stockholders will have an opportunity to ask questions regarding the proposals during the conference call. In the U.S. you may call (877) 870-4263 and from Canada you may call (855) 669-9657 (other international callers must dial (412) 317-0790 to enter the conference call). An operator will monitor the call and set a queue for any questions. A conference call replay will be available, beginning two hours after the call concludes, through the date of the annual meeting, Thursday, February 13, 2014. To hear the replay, please dial (877) 344-7529 (international callers must dial (412) 317-0088 and use conference number 10034900). The call will also be available via webcast at www.gladstonecapital.com. The webcast replay will also be available through the date of the annual meeting. In the event of any changes in the scheduled date and time of the call, we will issue a press release, which will be available on our website at www.gladstonecapital.com.

Why should I vote my shares?

Under applicable law, we must conduct an annual meeting to allow our stockholders to vote for directors and other matters properly before the meeting. Certain matters listed in this Proxy Statement require a minimum threshold of votes to pass. The number of votes needed to pass each item in this proxy

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is described below under the question “How many votes are needed to approve each proposal?” When stockholders do not vote their shares promptly on items material to conducting our business, we must spend additional money to contact stockholders seeking their vote. This is very expensive and uses funds that could better benefit our stockholders in other ways. It is important that every stockholder votes promptly so that these expenses are minimized.

How do I vote?

For each nominee to our Board and for Proposal 2, you may vote “FOR” or “AGAINST” or abstain from voting. The procedures for voting are as follows:

Stockholder of Record: Shares Registered in Your Name

If you are a stockholder of record, you may vote in person at the annual meeting, vote by proxy using the enclosed proxy card, or vote by proxy over the telephone or through the Internet. Whether or not you plan to attend the meeting, we urge you to vote by proxy to ensure your vote is counted. You may still attend the meeting and vote in person, even if you have already voted by proxy.

Beneficial Owner: Shares Registered in the Name of Broker, Bank, or other Similar Organization

If you are a beneficial owner of shares registered in the name of your Brokerage Firm, you should have received a proxy card and voting instructions with these proxy materials from that organization, rather than from us. Simply complete and mail the proxy card to ensure that your vote is counted. Alternatively, you may vote by proxy over the telephone or through the Internet, as instructed by your Brokerage Firm. To vote in person at the annual meeting, you must obtain a valid proxy from your Brokerage Firm. Follow the instructions from your Brokerage Firm, included with these proxy materials, or contact your Brokerage Firm to request a proxy form.

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How many votes do I have?

On all matters, you have one vote for each share of common stock and one vote for each share of preferred stock you owned as of the close of business on December 9, 2013.

What if I return a proxy card but do not make specific choices?

If you return a signed and dated proxy card, or otherwise vote by proxy without making any voting selections, your shares will be voted “FOR” the election of both nominees for director and “FOR” Proposal 2. If any other matter is properly presented at the meeting, your proxy holder (one of the individuals named on your proxy card) will vote your shares using his or her best judgment.

Who is paying for this proxy solicitation?

Gladstone Capital Corporation will bear the cost of solicitation of proxies, including preparation, assembly, printing and mailing of this Proxy Statement, the proxy card and any additional information furnished to stockholders. Copies of solicitation materials will be furnished to banks, brokerage houses, fiduciaries and other custodians holding in their names shares of our common or preferred stock beneficially owned by others to forward to such beneficial owners. We may reimburse persons representing beneficial owners of our common or preferred stock for their costs of forwarding solicitation materials to such beneficial owners. Original solicitation of proxies by mail may be supplemented by telephone, electronic mail or personal solicitation by directors, officers or other regular employees of Gladstone Management Corporation, our investment adviser (the “Adviser”), or Gladstone Administration, LLC (the “Administrator”). No additional compensation will be paid to directors, officers or other regular employees for such services. We have engaged Georgeson, Inc. (“Georgeson”) to solicit proxies for the annual meeting. Georgeson will be paid a fee of approximately $5,500 plus out-of-pocket expenses for its basic solicitation services, which include review of proxy materials, dissemination of broker search cards, distribution of proxy materials, brokers, banks and institutional holders, and delivery of executed proxies. The term of the agreement with Georgeson will last for the period of the solicitation, and the agreement provides that we will indemnify and hold harmless Georgeson against any third party claims, except in the case of Georgeson’s gross negligence or intentional misconduct. In addition to these written proxy materials, our proxy solicitor, officers and directors may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone or by other means of communication; however, our officers and directors will not be paid any additional compensation for soliciting proxies. We may also reimburse brokerage firms, banks and other agents for the cost of forwarding proxy materials to beneficial owners and obtaining your voting instructions.

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What does it mean if I receive more than one set of proxy materials?

If you receive more than one set of proxy materials, your shares may be registered in more than one name or in different accounts at your bank or broker. Please follow the voting instructions on the proxy cards in the proxy materials to ensure that all of your shares are voted.

Can I change my vote after submitting my proxy?

Yes. You can revoke your proxy at any time before the final vote at the meeting. If you wish to revoke your proxy after 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on February 12, 2014, you may only do so at the annual meeting. If you are the record holder of your shares, you may revoke your proxy in any one of the following ways:

If your shares are held by your Brokerage Firm, you should follow the instructions provided by your broker or bank.

When are stockholder proposals due for next year’s annual meeting?

We will consider for inclusion in our proxy materials for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders proposals that we receive not later than August 15, 2014 and that comply with all applicable requirements of Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), and our bylaws, as amended (“Bylaws”). Stockholders must submit their proposals to our secretary at 1521 Westbranch Drive, Suite 100, McLean, Virginia, 22102.

In addition, any stockholder who wishes to propose a nominee to our Board or propose any other business to be considered by the stockholders (other than a stockholder proposal to be included in our proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8 of the 1934 Act) must comply with the advance notice provisions and other requirements of Article II, Section 4(b) of our Bylaws, a copy of which is on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and may be obtained from our secretary upon request. These notice provisions require that nominations of persons for election to our Board and proposals of business to be considered by the stockholders for the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders must be made in writing and submitted to our secretary at the address above no earlier than November 15, 2014 (90 days before the first anniversary of our 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders) and not later than December 15, 2014 (60 days before the first anniversary of the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders). You are also advised to review our Bylaws, which contain additional requirements about advance notice of stockholder proposals and director nominations.

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How are votes counted?

Votes will be counted by the inspector of election for the annual meeting who will separately count “FOR,” and “AGAINST” votes in addition to abstentions. The effects of abstentions on each proposal are described below under the question “How many votes are needed to approve each proposal?” We expect that our chief financial officer, Melissa Morrison, will be appointed as the inspector of election.

What are “broker non-votes?”

Broker non-votes occur when a beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” does not give instructions to the broker or nominee holding the shares as to how to vote on matters deemed “non-routine.” Generally, if shares are held in street name, the beneficial owner of the shares is entitled to give voting instructions to the broker or nominee holding the shares. If the beneficial owner does not provide voting instructions, the broker or nominee can still vote the shares with respect to matters that are considered to be “routine,” but not with respect to “non-routine” matters. Under applicable rules of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), Proposal 1 (election of directors) and Proposal 2 (approval of proposal authorizing us to issue and sell shares below net asset value) are non-routine proposals. Therefore, your broker, bank or other agent is not entitled to vote your shares without your instructions for any proposal in this Proxy Statement.

How many votes are needed to approve each proposal?

Vote Required

Proposal 1—Election of Directors. Michela A. English and Anthony W. Parker each must be elected by a majority of votes cast at the annual meeting by holders of our outstanding common stock and preferred stock, voting together as a single class. If you vote “ABSTAIN” with respect to a nominee, your shares will not be voted with respect to such nominee and will have no effect on the outcome of such proposal.

Proposal 2—Authorization, with the approval of our Board of Directors, to issue and sell shares of our common stock (during the next 12 months) at a price below its then current net asset value per share, subject to certain limitations set forth herein (including, without limitation, that the number of shares issued and sold pursuant to such authority does not exceed 25% of our then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale). The affirmative vote of each of the following is required to approve this proposal: (1) a majority of the outstanding common and preferred stock, voting together as a single class (“outstanding voting securities”); and (2) a majority of our outstanding voting securities that are not held by affiliated persons of the Company. For purposes of this proposal, the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) defines a majority of the outstanding voting securities as the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Company present at the annual meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company. Each abstention will have the same effect as an “AGAINST” vote.

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What is the quorum requirement?

A quorum of stockholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum will be present if a majority of our total number of outstanding shares of common and preferred stock are represented by stockholders present at the meeting or by proxy. On the record date there were 21,000,160 shares of common stock and 1,540,000 shares of preferred stock outstanding and entitled to vote. Thus, 11,270,081 shares must be represented by stockholders present at the meeting or by proxy to have a quorum.

Your shares will be counted towards the quorum only if you submit a valid proxy (or one is submitted on your behalf by your Brokerage Firm or other nominee) or if you vote in person at the meeting. Abstentions will be counted towards the quorum requirement. If there is no quorum, the stockholders present and entitled to vote at the meeting may adjourn the meeting to another date.

How can I find out the results of the voting at the annual meeting?

Preliminary voting results will be announced at the annual meeting. Final voting results will be published in a current report on Form 8-K that we expect to file with the SEC within four business days after the annual meeting. If final voting results are not available to us in time to file a Form 8-K within four business days after the meeting, we intend to file a Form 8-K to publish preliminary results and, within four business days after the final results are known to us, file an additional Form 8-K to publish the final results.

What proxy materials are available on the Internet?

The letter to stockholders, Proxy Statement, Form 10-K and annual report to stockholders are available at www.proxyvote.com.

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PROPOSAL 1

ELECTION OF DIRECTORS

Our Board is divided into three classes. Each class has a three-year term. Vacancies on the Board may be filled only by persons elected by a majority of the remaining directors. A director elected by the Board to fill a vacancy in a class, including any vacancies created by an increase in the number of directors, shall serve for the remainder of the full term of that class and until the director’s successor is elected and qualified.

Holders of preferred stock are entitled, as a class, to the exclusion of the holders of all other classes of stock, to elect two directors (regardless of the total number of directors serving on our Board). These directors are currently John Reilly, serving until the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, and Terry Earhart, serving until the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

In January 2013, George Stelljes III resigned from our Board. This vacancy has yet to be filled. As a result, our Board presently has nine members. There are two directors in the class whose term of office expires in 2014. Each nominee is a current director of ours. Proxies cannot be voted for a greater number of persons than the number of nominees named. If elected at the annual meeting, each nominee would serve until the 2017 annual meeting and until his or her successor is elected and has qualified, or, if sooner, until his or her death, resignation or removal.

Proposal 1

The Company’s Ethics, Nominating & Corporate Governance Committee (the “Ethics Committee”) nominated two incumbent directors—Ms. Michela A. English and Mr. Anthony W. Parker—for election by the common and preferred stockholders, voting together as a single class, for terms expiring in 2017.

Each director is elected by a majority of the votes cast at the annual meeting. Shares represented by executed proxies will be voted, if the authority to do so is not withheld, for the election of the two nominees. In the event that any of the nominees should be unavailable for election as a result of an unexpected occurrence, such shares will be voted for the election of such substitute nominees as management may propose. Each person nominated for election has agreed to serve if elected, and management has no reason to believe that any nominee will be unable to serve.

We encourage directors and nominees for director to attend the annual meeting. Two of our directors attended the 2013 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

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Set forth below is biographical information for each person nominated, each person whose term of office as a director will continue after the annual meeting, each executive officer and certain other officers who are not also directors.

Nominees for a Three-Year Term to Expire at the 2017 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

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Directors Continuing in Office Until the 2015 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

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Directors Continuing in Office Until the 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

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Executive Officers and Certain Other Officers Who Are Not Directors

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Qualifications of Director Nominees

When considering whether our director nominees have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, taken as a whole, to enable our Board to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively in light of our operational and organizational structure, the Ethics Committee and the Board focused primarily on the information discussed in each of the individual backgrounds set forth above and on the following particular attributes:

Qualifications of Incumbent Directors Serving Until the 2015 or 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders

When considering whether our directors have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills, taken as a whole, to enable our Board to satisfy its oversight responsibilities effectively in light of our operational and organizational structure, the Ethics Committee and the Board focused primarily on the information discussed in each of the individual backgrounds set forth above and on the following particular attributes:

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THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS THAT STOCKHOLDERS VOTE “FOR”

EACH NAMED NOMINEE FOR DIRECTOR IN PROPOSAL 1.

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INFORMATION REGARDING THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND CORPORATE

GOVERNANCE

Director Independence

As required under the NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) listing standards, our Board annually determines each director’s independence. The NASDAQ listing standards provide that a director of a business development company is considered to be independent if he or she is not an “interested person” of ours, as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act. Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act defines an “interested person” to include, among other things, any person who has, or within the last two years had, a material business or professional relationship with us.

Consistent with these considerations, after review of all relevant transactions or relationships between each director, or any of his or her family members, and us, our senior management and our independent registered public accounting firm, our Board has affirmatively determined that the following six directors are independent directors within the meaning of the applicable NASDAQ listing standards: Messrs. Adelgren, Earhart, Outland, Parker and Reilly and Ms. English. In making this determination, the Board found that none of these directors or nominees for director had a material or other disqualifying relationship with us. Mr. Gladstone, the chairman of our Board and our chief executive officer and president, Mr. Brubaker, the vice chairman of our Board and our chief operating officer and assistant secretary, and Mr. Dullum, our executive vice president and an executive managing director of our Adviser, are not independent directors by virtue of their positions as officers of the Company or our Adviser or their employment by our Adviser.

Meetings of the Board of Directors

Our Board met four times during the last fiscal year. Each Board member attended 75% or more of the aggregate of the meetings of the Board and of the committees on which he or she served that were held during the period for which he or she was a director or committee member.

Our independent directors met four times during fiscal year 2013 in regularly scheduled executive sessions, at which only independent directors were present, satisfying applicable NASDAQ listing standards, which require regularly scheduled meetings of independent directors.

Corporate Leadership Structure

Mr. Gladstone has served as chairman of our Board and our chief executive officer since our inception and as our president since February 2013. Our Board believes that our chief executive officer and president is best situated to serve as chairman because he is the director most familiar with our business and industry, and most capable of effectively identifying strategic priorities and leading the discussion and execution of strategy. In addition, Mr. Adelgren, one of our independent directors, serves as the Lead Independent Director for all meetings of our independent directors held in executive session. The Lead Independent Director has the responsibility of presiding at all executive sessions of our Board, consulting with the chairman and chief executive officer on Board and committee meeting agendas, acting as a liaison between

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management and the independent directors and facilitating teamwork and communication between the independent directors and management.

Our Board believes the combined role of chairman, chief executive officer and president, together with an independent Lead Independent Director, is in the best interest of stockholders because it provides the appropriate balance between strategic development and independent oversight of risk management. In coming to this conclusion, the Board considered the importance of having an interested chairperson that is familiar with our day-to-day management activities, our portfolio companies and the operations of our Adviser. The Board concluded that the combined role enhances, among other things, the Board’s understanding of our investment portfolio, business, finances and risk management efforts. In addition, the Board believes that Mr. Gladstone’s employment by the Adviser better allows for the efficient mobilization of the Adviser’s resources at the Board’s behest and on its behalf.

Information Regarding Committees of the Board of Directors

Our Board has five committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, an Executive Committee, an Offering Committee and an Ethics Committee. The following table shows the current composition of each of the committees of our Board:

Below is a description of each committee of our Board. All committees other than the Executive Committee have the authority to engage legal counsel or other experts or consultants as they deem appropriate to carry out their responsibilities. Our Board has determined that each member of each committee meets the applicable NASDAQ rules and regulations regarding “independence” and that each member is free of any relationship that would interfere with his or her individual exercise of independent judgment with regard to us (other than with respect to the Executive and Offering Committees, for which there are no applicable independence requirements).

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee oversees our corporate accounting and financial reporting process. For this purpose, the Audit Committee performs several functions. It evaluates the performance and assesses the

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qualifications of the independent registered public accounting firm; determines and approves the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm; determines whether to retain or terminate the existing independent registered public accounting firm or to appoint and engage a new independent registered public accounting firm; reviews and approves the retention of the independent registered public accounting firm to perform any proposed permissible non-audit services; monitors the rotation of partners of the independent registered public accounting firm on our audit engagement team as required by law; confers with management and the independent registered public accounting firm regarding the effectiveness of internal controls over financial reporting; establishes procedures, as required under applicable law, for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential and anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; and meets to review our annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent registered public accounting firm, including reviewing our disclosures under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” During fiscal 2013, the Audit Committee was composed of Messrs. Parker (Chairperson) and Reilly and Ms. English. Messrs. Adelgren, Earhart and Outland currently serve as alternate members of the Audit Committee. Alternate members of the Audit Committee serve and participate in meetings of the Audit Committee only in the event of an absence of a regular member of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee met eight times during the last fiscal year. The Audit Committee has adopted a written charter that is available to stockholders on our website at www.gladstonecapital.com.

Our Board has determined that all members and alternate members of our Audit Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ listing standards). No members of the Audit Committee received any compensation from us during the last fiscal year other than directors’ fees. Our Board has unanimously determined all Audit Committee members and alternate members are financially literate under current NASDAQ rules and that Messrs. Adelgren, Earhart, Outland, Parker and Reilly and Ms. English each qualify as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in applicable SEC rules. Our Board made a qualitative assessment of the members’ level of knowledge and experience based on a number of factors, including formal education and experience. Messrs. Parker and Reilly and Ms. English also serve on the audit committees of Gladstone Commercial Corporation, Gladstone Land Corporation and Gladstone Investment Corporation. Our Audit Committee’s current alternate members, Messrs. Adelgren, Earhart and Outland, also serve as alternate members on the audit committees of Gladstone Commercial Corporation, Gladstone Land Corporation and Gladstone Investment Corporation. Our Board has determined that this simultaneous service does not impair the respective directors’ ability to effectively serve on our Audit Committee.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee operates pursuant to a written charter that is available to stockholders on our website at www.gladstonecapital.com. The Compensation Committee conducts periodic reviews of our investment advisory and management agreement with our Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”) and our administration agreement with our Administrator (the “Administration Agreement”) to evaluate whether the fees paid to our Adviser and our Administrator under the agreements are in the best interests of us and our stockholders. The committee considers in such periodic reviews, among other things, whether the fees

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paid to our Adviser and our Administrator are reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and whether the provisions of the Advisory and Administration Agreements are being satisfactorily performed. The Compensation Committee also reviews with management our Compensation Discussion and Analysis to consider whether to recommend that it be included in proxy statements and other filings. During the last fiscal year, the Compensation Committee was composed of Messrs. Outland (Chairperson), Adelgren and Earhart. Mr. Earhart was appointed to the Compensation Committee in October 2012. Messrs. Parker and Reilly and Ms. English currently serve as alternate members of the Compensation Committee. Alternate members of the Compensation Committee serve and participate in meetings of the Compensation Committee only in the event of an absence of a regular member of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committee met four times during the last fiscal year.

Our Board has determined that all members and alternate members of our Compensation Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ listing standards). No members of the Compensation Committee received compensation from us during the last fiscal year other than directors’ fees. Messrs. Outland, Adelgren and Earhart also serve on the compensation committees of Gladstone Commercial Corporation, Gladstone Land Corporation and Gladstone Investment Corporation. Our Compensation Committee’s current alternate members, Messrs. Parker and Reilly and Ms. English also serve as alternate members on the compensation committees of Gladstone Commercial Corporation, Gladstone Land Corporation and Gladstone Investment Corporation. Our Board has determined that this simultaneous service does not impair the respective directors’ ability to effectively serve on our Compensation Committee.

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

During the last fiscal year, the Compensation Committee consisted of Messrs. Adelgren, Earhart and Outland, and Messrs. Parker and Reilly and Ms. English served as alternate members. None of Messrs. Adelgren, Earhart, Outland, Parker, Reilly or Ms. English is or has been one of our executive officers. Further, none of our executive officers has ever served as a member of the compensation committee or as a director of another entity any of whose executive officers served on our Compensation Committee.

Report of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors⁽¹⁾

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed with management the Compensation Discussion and Analysis (“CD&A”) contained in this Proxy Statement. Based on this review and discussion, the Compensation Committee has recommended to the Board of Directors that the CD&A be included in this Proxy Statement and incorporated into our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013.

Submitted by the Compensation Committee

John H. Outland, Chairperson

Paul W. Adelgren

Terry Earhart

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Ethics, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The Ethics Committee is responsible for identifying, reviewing and evaluating candidates to serve as our directors (consistent with criteria approved by our Board), reviewing and evaluating incumbent directors, recommending to our Board for selection candidates for election to our Board, making recommendations to our Board regarding the membership of the committees of our Board, assessing the performance of our Board, and developing our corporate governance principles. Our Ethics Committee charter can be found on our website at www.gladstonecapital.com. During fiscal 2013, membership of the Ethics Committee was composed of Messrs. Adelgren (Chairperson), Earhart and Outland. Mr. Earhart was appointed to the Ethics Committee in October 2012. Messrs. Parker and Reilly and Ms. English continued to serve as alternate members of the committee during fiscal year 2013. Alternate members of the Ethics Committee serve and participate in meetings of the committee only in the event of an absence of a regular member of the committee. Each member of the Ethics Committee is independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ listing standards). The Ethics Committee met four times during the last fiscal year.

Information Regarding the Process for Nominating Director Candidates

The Ethics Committee believes that candidates for director should have certain minimum qualifications, including being able to read and understand basic financial statements, being over 21 years of age and having the highest personal integrity and ethics. The Ethics Committee also considers such factors as possessing relevant expertise upon which to be able to offer advice and guidance to management, having sufficient time to devote to our affairs, demonstrated excellence in his or her field, having the ability to exercise sound business judgment and having the commitment to rigorously represent the long-term interests of our stockholders. However, the Ethics Committee retains the right to modify these qualifications from time to time. Candidates for director nominees are reviewed in the context of the current composition of our Board, our operating requirements and the long-term interests of our stockholders.

Though we have no formal policy addressing diversity, the Ethics Committee and Board believe that diversity is an important attribute of directors and that our Board should be the culmination of an array of backgrounds and experiences and be capable of articulating a variety of viewpoints. Accordingly, the Ethics Committee considers in its review of director nominees factors such as values, disciplines, ethics, age, gender, race, culture, expertise, background and skills, all in the context of an assessment of our and our Board’s perceived needs at that point in time in order to maintain a balance of knowledge, experience and capability.

In the case of incumbent directors whose terms of office are set to expire, the Ethics Committee reviews such directors’ overall service to us during their term, including the number of meetings attended, level of participation, quality of performance, and any other relationships and transactions that might

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impair such directors’ independence. In the case of new director candidates, the Ethics Committee also determines whether such new nominee must be independent for NASDAQ purposes, which determination is based upon applicable NASDAQ listing standards, applicable SEC rules and regulations and the advice of counsel, if necessary. The Ethics Committee then uses its network of contacts to compile a list of potential candidates, but may also engage, if it deems appropriate, a professional search firm. The Ethics Committee conducts any appropriate and necessary inquiries into the backgrounds and qualifications of possible candidates after considering the function and needs of our Board. The Ethics Committee meets to discuss and consider such candidates’ qualifications and then selects a nominee for recommendation to our Board by majority vote. To date, the Ethics Committee has not paid a fee to any third party to assist in the process of identifying or evaluating director candidates.

Stockholder Recommendation of Director Candidates to the Ethics, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

The Ethics Committee will consider director candidates recommended by stockholders. The Ethics Committee does not intend to alter the manner in which it evaluates candidates, including the minimum criteria set forth above, based on whether the candidate was recommended by a stockholder or not. Stockholders who wish to recommend individuals for consideration by the Ethics Committee to become nominees for election to the Board may do so by delivering a written recommendation to our secretary at the address set forth on the cover page of this Proxy Statement. Recommendations for individuals to be considered for nomination at the 2015 Annual Meeting must be received by December 15, 2014. Recommendations received after December 15, 2014 will be considered for nomination at the 2016 Annual Meeting. Submissions must include the full name of the proposed nominee, a description of the proposed nominee’s business experience for at least the previous five years, complete biographical information, a description of the proposed nominee’s qualifications as a director and a representation that the nominating stockholder is a beneficial or record owner of our stock. Any such submission must be accompanied by the written consent of the proposed nominee to be named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected. To date, the Ethics Committee has not received or rejected a timely director nominee proposal from a stockholder or stockholders.

Stockholder Communications with the Board of Directors

Our Board has adopted a formal process by which our stockholders may communicate with the Board or any of our directors. Persons interested in communicating their concerns or issues may address correspondence to the Board, to a particular director, or to the independent directors generally, in care of Gladstone Capital Corporation, Attention: Investor Relations, at 1521 Westbranch Drive, Suite 100, McLean, Virginia 22102. This information is also contained on our website at www.gladstonecapital.com.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics (the “Code”) that applies to all of our officers and directors and to the employees of our Adviser and our Administrator. The Ethics Committee reviews, approves and recommends to our Board any changes to the Code. It also reviews any violations of the Code and makes recommendations to the Board on those violations. The Code is available on our

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website at www.gladstonecapital.com. If we make any substantive amendments to the Code or grant any waiver from a provision of the Code to any executive officer or director, we will promptly disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on our website.

The Executive Committee

The Executive Committee, which is composed of Messrs. Gladstone (Chairman), Brubaker and Parker, has the authority to exercise all powers of our Board except for actions that must be taken by a majority of independent directors or the full Board under applicable rules and regulations. The Executive Committee did not meet during the last fiscal year.

The Offering Committee

The Offering Committee, which is composed of Messrs. Gladstone (Chairman), Brubaker and Parker, with each of our other current and future directors who meet the independence requirements of NASDAQ serving as alternates for Mr. Parker, is responsible for assisting the Board in discharging its responsibilities regarding the offering from time to time of our securities. The Offering Committee has all powers of the Board that are necessary or appropriate and may lawfully be delegated to the Offering Committee in connection with an offering of our securities. Our Offering Committee was formed in January 2013, and operates pursuant to a written charter, which can be found in the Corporate Governance section of our website at www.gladstonecapital.com. The Offering Committee did not meet during the last fiscal year.

Oversight of Risk Management

Since September 2007, Jack Dellafiora has served as our chief compliance officer and, in that position, Mr. Dellafiora directly oversees our enterprise risk management function and reports to our chief executive officer, the Audit Committee and our Board in this capacity. In fulfilling his risk management responsibilities, Mr. Dellafiora works closely with our internal counsel and other members of senior management including, among others, our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, treasurer and chief operating officer.

Our Board, in its entirety, plays an active role in overseeing management of our risks. Our Board regularly reviews information regarding our credit, liquidity and operations, as well as the risks associated with each. Each of the following committees of our Board plays a distinct role with respect to overseeing management of our risks:

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While each committee is responsible for evaluating certain risks and overseeing the management of such risks, the committees each report to our Board on a regular basis to apprise our Board regarding the status of remediation efforts of known risks and of any new risks that may have arisen since the previous report.

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PROPOSAL 2

TO AUTHORIZE US, WITH THE APPROVAL OF OUR BOARD OF DIRECTORS, TO ISSUE AND SELL SHARES OF OUR COMMON STOCK (DURING THE NEXT 12 MONTHS) AT A PRICE BELOW ITS THEN CURRENT NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE, SUBJECT TO CERTAIN LIMITATIONS SET FORTH HEREIN (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THAT THE NUMBER OF SHARES ISSUED AND SOLD PURSUANT TO SUCH AUTHORITY DOES NOT EXCEED 25% OF OUR THEN OUTSTANDING COMMON STOCK IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO EACH SUCH SALE)

Stockholder Authorization

The 1940 Act generally prohibits us, as a business development company (“BDC”), from issuing and selling shares of our common stock at a price below the then current net asset value (“NAV”) per share, with certain exceptions. One such exception would permit us to issue and sell shares of our common stock at a price below NAV per share at the time of sale if our stockholders approve our ability to conduct such an offering within the one year period immediately prior to any such sale, provided that our Board makes certain determinations prior to any such sale.

Accordingly, we are seeking the approval of our stockholders so that we may, in one or more public or private offerings, issue and sell shares of our common stock at a price below our then current NAV per share. It should be noted that the maximum number of shares that we could issue and sell at a per share price below NAV per share pursuant to this authority would be limited to 25% of our then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale. If approved, the authorization would be effective for a period expiring on the first anniversary of the date of the stockholders’ approval of this proposal and would permit us to engage in such transactions at various times within that 12-month period, subject to further approval from our Board.

Generally, common stock offerings are priced based on the market prices of the outstanding shares of common stock. Because over the last two years our common stock has often, and at times significantly, traded at a market price below NAV per share, stockholder approval would permit us to issue and sell shares of our common stock in accordance with pricing standards that market conditions generally require, and would also assure stockholders that the number of shares issued and sold pursuant to such authority does not exceed 25% of our then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale. If stockholders approve this proposal, we should have greater flexibility in taking advantage of changing market and financial conditions in connection with an equity offering. As of the date of this Proxy Statement, our Board has approved an offering of this type in principle, but has not approved the terms of a specific offering, nor does it have any immediate plans to do so. We have never conducted an offering at a price below the then current NAV per common share.

Reasons to Issue and Sell Common Stock Below NAV

We believe that market conditions will continue to provide opportunities to invest new capital at potentially attractive returns. Although we are seeing increased stability over recent months, for the past

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several years, U.S. credit markets, including many lending institutions, have experienced significant difficulties resulting from the recent U.S. fiscal crisis and current lingering economic conditions from the 2008 recession. This has contributed to significant stock price volatility for capital providers such as our Company and has made access to capital more challenging for many smaller businesses. However, these changes in the credit market conditions also have beneficial effects for capital providers like us because small business are selling for lower prices, are generally willing to pay higher interest rates and to accept more contractual terms that are more favorable to us in their investment agreements. Accordingly, for firms that continue to have access to capital, we believe that the current environment should provide investment opportunities on more favorable terms than have been available in recent periods. Our ability to take advantage of these opportunities is dependent upon our access to equity capital.

As a BDC and a regulated investment company (“RIC”) for tax purposes, we are dependent on our ability to raise capital through the issuance of common stock. RICs generally must distribute substantially all of their earnings to stockholders as dividends in order to achieve pass-through tax treatment, which prevents us from using those earnings to support new investments. Further, BDCs must maintain a debt to equity ratio of less than one dollar of debt for one dollar of equity, which requires us to finance our investments with at least as much equity as debt in the aggregate. We maintain sources of liquidity through a portfolio of liquid assets and other means but generally attempt to remain close to fully invested and do not hold substantial cash for the purpose of making new investments. Therefore, to continue to build our investment portfolio, and thereby have the ability to support the maintenance of our dividends, we endeavor to maintain consistent access to capital through the public and private equity markets enabling us to take advantage of investment opportunities as they arise.

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Since our initial public offering in 2001, our common stock has traded both at a premium and at a discount in relation to its NAV. The following table lists, for each quarter of the last three fiscal years, the high and low sales prices for our common stock and the sales price as a percentage of NAV. On December 10, 2013, the last reported closing sale price of our common stock was $9.57 per share.

The current volatility in the credit market and the uncertainty surrounding the U.S. economy has led to significant stock market fluctuations, particularly with respect to the stock of financial services companies like our Company. During times of increased price volatility, our common stock may be more likely to trade at a price below its NAV per share, which is not uncommon for BDCs like us. As noted above, however, the current market dislocation has created, and we believe will continue to create, favorable opportunities to invest in small businesses, including opportunities that we believe may increase NAV over the longer-term, even if financed with the issuance of common stock below NAV per share. We expect that attractive investment opportunities will require us to make an investment commitment quickly. Because we generally attempt to remain fully invested and do not intend to maintain cash for the purpose of making these investments, we may be unable to capitalize on investment opportunities presented to us unless we are able to raise capital quickly. We believe that stockholder approval of the proposal to issue and sell

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shares below NAV per share subject to the conditions detailed below will provide us with the flexibility to invest in such opportunities.

The Board believes that having the flexibility to issue and sell our common stock below NAV per share in certain instances is in the best interests of stockholders. If we are unable to access the capital markets as attractive investment opportunities arise, our ability to grow over time and continue to pay steady or increasing dividends to stockholders could be adversely affected. It could also have the effect of forcing us to sell assets that we would not otherwise sell, and such sales could occur at times that are disadvantageous to sell. The Board also believes that increasing our assets will lower our expense ratio by spreading our fixed costs over a larger asset base. The issuance and sale of additional common stock might also enhance the liquidity of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Additionally, while it is possible for a BDC to issue and sell its shares through a transferable rights offering at a price that is below NAV per share, such offerings may ultimately be at a discount greater than in an offering of our shares at a market price below our NAV per share, thus we believe that having the ability to issue and sell our common stock below NAV per share in accordance with the terms of this proposal would, in many instances, be preferable to such an issuance pursuant to a transferable rights offering.

Offerings Below NAV

Sales by us of our common stock at a discount from NAV per share pose potential risks for our existing stockholders whether or not they participate in an offering, as well as for new investors who participate in the offering. Any sale of common stock at a price below NAV per share would result in an immediate dilution to existing common stockholders who do not participate in such sale on at least a pro-rata basis.

The following three headings and accompanying tables explain and provide hypothetical examples on the impact of an offering of our common stock at a price less than NAV per share on three different types of investors:

Impact on Existing Common Stockholders Who Do Not Participate in an Offering

Our existing common stockholders who do not participate in an offering below NAV per share or who do not buy additional shares in the secondary market at the same or lower price we obtain in the offering (after expenses and commissions) face the greatest potential risks. These stockholders will experience an immediate decrease (often called dilution) in the NAV of the shares they hold and their NAV per share. These stockholders will also experience a disproportionately greater decrease in their participation in our earnings and assets and their voting power than the increase we will experience in our assets, potential earning power and voting interests due to the offering. These stockholders may also experience a decline in

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the market price of their shares, which often reflects to some degree announced or potential decreases in NAV per share. This decrease could be more pronounced as the size of the offering and level of discounts increase. Further, if current stockholders do not purchase sufficient shares to maintain their percentage interest, regardless of whether such offering is above or below the then current NAV, their voting power will be diluted.

The following table illustrates the level of NAV dilution that would be experienced by a nonparticipating stockholder in three different hypothetical offerings of different sizes and levels of discount from NAV per share, although it is not possible to predict the level of market price decline that may occur. Actual sales prices and discounts may differ from the presentation below.

The examples assume that we have 1,000,000 common shares outstanding, $15,000,000 in total assets and $5,000,000 in total liabilities. The current NAV and NAV per share are thus $10,000,000 and $10.00, respectively. The table illustrates the dilutive effect on a nonparticipating stockholder of (1) an offering of 50,000 shares (5% of the outstanding shares) at $9.50 per share after offering expenses and commission (a 5% discount from NAV), (2) an offering of 100,000 shares (10% of the outstanding shares) at $9.00 per share after offering expenses and commissions (a 10% discount from NAV) and (3) an offering of 250,000 shares (25% of the outstanding shares) at $7.50 per share after offering expenses and commissions (a 25% discount from NAV). The prospectus or related prospectus supplement pursuant to which any discounted offering is made will include a chart based on the actual number of shares of common stock in such offering and the actual discount to the most recently determined NAV.

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Impact on Existing Stockholders Who Do Participate in an Offering

Our existing common stockholders who participate in an offering below NAV per share or who buy additional shares in the secondary market at the same or lower price as we obtain in the offering (after expenses and commissions) will experience the same types of NAV dilution as the nonparticipating common stockholders, albeit at a lower level, to the extent they purchase less than the same percentage of the discounted offering as their interest in our shares immediately prior to the offering. The level of NAV dilution will decrease as the number of shares such common stockholder purchases increases. Existing common stockholders who buy more than such percentage will experience NAV dilution but will, in contrast to existing common stockholders who purchase less than their proportionate share of the offering, experience an increase (often called accretion) in NAV per share over their investment per share and will also experience a disproportionately greater increase in their participation in our earnings and assets and their voting power than our increase in assets, potential earning power and voting interests due to an offering. The level of accretion will increase as the excess number of shares such common stockholder purchases increases. Even a common stockholder who over-participates will, however, be subject to the risk that we may make additional discounted offerings in which such stockholder does not participate, in which case such a stockholder will experience NAV dilution as described above in such subsequent offerings. These stockholders may also experience a decline in the market price of their shares, which often reflects to some degree announced or potential decreases in NAV per share. This decrease could be more pronounced as the size of an offering and level of discount to NAV increases.

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The following chart illustrates the level of dilution and accretion in the hypothetical 25% discount offering from the prior chart for a common stockholder that acquires shares equal to (1) 50% of its proportionate share of an offering (i.e., 1,250 shares, which is 0.50% of an offering 250,000 shares rather than its 1% proportionate share) and (2) 150% of such percentage (i.e., 3,750 shares, which is 1.50% of an offering of 250,000 shares rather than its 1% proportionate share). The prospectus or related prospectus supplement pursuant to which any discounted offering is made will include a chart for this example based on the actual number of shares in such offering and the actual discount from the most recently determined NAV per share. It is not possible to predict the level of market price decline that may occur.

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Impact on New Investors

Investors who are not currently common stockholders, but who participate in an offering below NAV and whose investment per share is greater than the resulting NAV per share (due to selling compensation and expenses paid by us) will experience an immediate decrease, albeit small, in the NAV of their shares and their NAV per share compared to the price they pay for their shares. Investors who are not currently common stockholders and who participate in an offering below NAV per share and whose investment per share is also less than the resulting NAV per share due to selling compensation and expenses paid by the issuer being significantly less than the discount per share will experience an immediate increase in the NAV of their shares and their NAV per share compared to the price they pay for their shares. These investors will experience a disproportionately greater participation in our earnings and assets and their voting power than our increase in assets, potential earning power and voting interests. These investors will, however, be subject to the risk that we may make additional discounted offerings in which such new common stockholder does not participate, in which case such new common stockholder will experience dilution as described above in such subsequent offerings. These investors may also experience a decline in the market price of their shares, which often reflects to some degree announced or potential decreases in NAV per share. This decrease could be more pronounced as the size of an offering and level of discounts increases.

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The following chart illustrates the level of dilution or accretion for new investors that would be experienced by a new investor in the same 5%, 10% and 25% discounted offerings as described in the first chart above. The illustration is for a new investor who purchases the same percentage (1%) of the common shares in the offering as the stockholder in the prior examples held immediately prior to the offering. The prospectus or related prospectus supplement pursuant to which any discounted offering is made will include a chart for this example based on the actual number of shares in such offering and the actual discount from the most recently determined NAV per share. It is not possible to predict the level of market price decline that may occur.

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Conditions to Sales Below Net Asset Value

If this proposal is approved, we would not issue and sell our common stock below its per share NAV unless (i) the number of shares issued and sold pursuant to such authority does not exceed 25% of our then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale, and (ii) our Board concludes that there are attractive near-term investment opportunities that we reasonably believe will lead to a long-term increase in NAV. In making such a determination, our Board will have a duty to act in the best interests of us and our stockholders. To the extent we issue and sell shares of our common stock below NAV per share in a publicly registered transaction, our market capitalization and the amount of our publicly tradable common stock will increase, thus affording all common stockholders potentially greater liquidity in the market for our shares.

If this proposal is approved, we will issue and sell shares of our common stock at a price below NAV per share only if a majority of our directors who have no financial interest in the issuance and sale, and a majority of such directors who are not interested persons of ours, have determined in good faith that (i) the sale is in the best interests of us and our stockholders and (ii) the price at which such securities are to be issued and sold is not less than a price which closely approximates the market value of those securities, less any distributing commission or discount. This determination must be made in consultation with the underwriter or underwriters of the offering, if any, and as of a time immediately prior to the first solicitation by us or on our behalf of firm commitments to purchase such securities or immediately prior to the issuance of such securities.

Key Stockholder Considerations

Before voting on this proposal or giving proxies with regard to this matter, stockholders should consider the potentially dilutive effect on the NAV of the issuance and sale of shares of our common stock at a price less than the then current NAV per share and should also consider the effect that the expenses associated with such issuance and sale may have on the NAV per outstanding share of our common stock. Any issuance and sale of common stock at a price below NAV per share would result in an immediate dilution to existing common stockholders. If we issue and sell shares in accordance with the terms of this proposal, the resulting dilution could be substantial. This dilution would include reduction in the NAV per share of the outstanding common stock as a result of the issuance and sale of shares at a price below the then current NAV per share and a proportionately greater decrease in a stockholder’s interest in our earnings and assets, and in voting interests, than the increase in our assets resulting from such issuance and sale. In addition, any payment of underwriting compensation could further increase the dilution. Our Board will consider the potential dilutive effect of the issuance and sale of shares in accordance with this proposal when considering whether to authorize any such issuance and sale. It should be noted that the maximum number of shares that we could issue and sell at a per share price below NAV per share pursuant to this authority would be limited to 25% of our then outstanding common stock immediately prior to each such sale.

The 1940 Act establishes a connection between common share sale price and NAV per share because, when stock is sold at a sale price below NAV per share, the resulting increase in the number of outstanding shares is not accompanied by a proportionate increase in the net assets of the issuer. Stockholders should

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also consider that they will have no subscription, preferential or preemptive rights to additional shares of common stock proposed to be authorized for issuance, and thus any future issuance of common stock at a price below NAV per share will dilute a stockholder’s holdings of common stock as a percentage of the stockholder’s percentage interest. Further, if the stockholder does not purchase any shares to maintain the stockholder’s percentage interest, regardless of whether such offering is at a price above or below the then current NAV, the stockholder’s voting power will be diluted.

Required Vote

The affirmative vote of each of the following is required to approve this proposal: (1) a majority of our outstanding voting securities; and (2) a majority of our outstanding voting securities that are not held by affiliated persons of the Company. The outstanding common and preferred stock voting together as a single class represent our outstanding voting securities. For purposes of this proposal, the 1940 Act defines a majority of the outstanding voting securities as the vote of the lesser of: (1) 67% or more of the voting securities of the Company present at the annual meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company are present or represented by proxy; or (2) more than 50% of the outstanding voting securities of the Company. Each abstention will have the effect of a vote against this proposal.

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL 2.

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PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FIRM FEES AND SERVICES

The Audit Committee of our Board has selected PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, which will audit the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2014. PwC has audited the Company’s financial statements since its fiscal year ended September 30, 2003. The Audit Committee, in its discretion and subject to approval by our Board in accordance with the 1940 Act, may direct the appointment of a different independent registered public accounting firm at any time during the year if it determines that such a change would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders. Representatives of PwC are expected to be present at the annual meeting, will have an opportunity to make a statement if they so desire and will be available to respond to appropriate questions.

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Fees

The following table represents the aggregate amount of fees capitalized or expensed by the Company for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2013 that were billed by PwC, our principal independent registered public accounting firm.

Audit Fees. Audit fees include fees for services that normally would be provided by the accountant in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements and that generally only the independent accountant can provide. In addition to fees for the audit of our annual financial statements, the audit of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and the review of our quarterly financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, this category contains fees for comfort letters, statutory audits, consents, and assistance with and review of documents filed with the SEC.

Audit Related Fees. Audit related fees are assurance related services that traditionally are performed by the independent accountant, such as attest services that are not required by statute or regulation.

Tax Fees. Tax fees include corporate and subsidiary compliance and consulting.

All Other Fees. Fees for other services would include fees for products and services other than the services reported above, including any non-audit fees.

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All fees described above were approved by the Audit Committee. During the fiscal years ended September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2013, the aggregate non-audit fees paid to PwC for services rendered to our Adviser and any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with our Adviser that provides ongoing services to the Company were $55,506 and $63,494, respectively. These fees were primarily for professional services rendered to our Adviser for tax services. The Audit Committee has considered whether, and believes that, the rendering of these services to our Adviser and the entities controlling, controlled by or under common control with our Adviser is compatible with maintaining the independent registered public accounting firm’s independence.

Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures

The Audit Committee has adopted a policy and procedures for the pre-approval of audit and non-audit services rendered by our independent registered public accounting firm, PwC. The policy generally pre-approves specified services in the defined categories of audit services, audit-related services, and tax services up to specified amounts. Pre-approval may also be given as part of the Audit Committee’s approval of the scope of the engagement of the independent registered public accounting firm or on an individual explicit case-by-case basis before the independent registered public accounting firm is engaged to provide each service. The pre-approval of services may be delegated to one or more of the Audit Committee’s members, but the decision must be reported to the full Audit Committee at its next scheduled meeting.

The Audit Committee has determined that the rendering of the services other than audit services currently being provided by PwC is compatible with maintaining the independent registered public accounting firm’s independence.

During fiscal years 2012 and 2013, 100% of our audit fees associated with our independent registered public accounting firm were pre-approved by our Audit Committee.

Report of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors⁽²⁾

The Audit Committee has reviewed and discussed the Company’s audited financial statements with management and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”), the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, with and without management present. The Audit Committee included in its review results of the independent registered public accounting firm’s examinations, the Company’s internal controls, and the quality of the Company’s financial reporting. The Audit Committee also reviewed the Company’s procedures and internal control processes designed to ensure full, fair and adequate financial reporting and disclosures, including procedures for certifications by the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer that are required in periodic reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Audit Committee further reviewed with the independent registered public accounting firm their opinion on the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting of the Company. The Audit Committee is satisfied that the Company’s internal control system is adequate and that the Company employs appropriate accounting and auditing procedures.

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The Audit Committee also has discussed with PwC matters relating to the independent registered public accounting firm’s judgments about the quality, as well as the acceptability, of the Company’s accounting principles as applied in its financial reporting as required by Statement of Auditing Standards No. 61, as amended (AICPA, Professional Standards, Vol. 1. AU section 380), as adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) in Rule 3200T. Additionally, the Audit Committee has received the written disclosures and the letter from the independent registered public accounting firm required by applicable requirements of the PCAOB regarding the independent registered public accounting firm’s communications with the audit committee concerning independence and has discussed with the independent registered public accounting firm the independent registered public accounting firm’s independence (Communications with Audit Committees). The Audit Committee discussed and reviewed with PwC the Company’s critical accounting policies and practices, internal controls, other material written communications to management, and the scope of PwC’s audits and all fees paid to PwC during the fiscal year. The Audit Committee adopted guidelines requiring review and pre-approval by the Audit Committee of audit and non-audit services performed by PwC for the Company. The Audit Committee has reviewed and considered the compatibility of PwC’s performance of non-audit services with the maintenance of PricewaterhouseCoopers’ independence as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm.

Based on the Audit Committee’s review and discussions referred to above, the Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Company’s audited financial statements be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013, for filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, the Audit Committee has engaged PwC to serve as the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2014.

Submitted by the Audit Committee

Anthony W. Parker, Chairperson

Michela A. English

John D. Reilly

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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF

CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT

The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of the common and preferred stock of the Company as of November 25, 2013, by: (i) each current director; (ii) each of our named executive officers; (iii) all of our executive officers and directors as a group; and (iv) all those known by us to be beneficial owners of more than 5% of our common stock. None of our executive officers or directors own shares of our 7.125% Series 2016 Term Preferred Stock, or Term Preferred Stock, and, to our knowledge, no person beneficially owns more than 5% of our Term Preferred Stock. Except as otherwise noted, the address of the individuals below is c/o Gladstone Capital Corporation, 1521 Westbranch Drive, Suite 100, McLean, VA 22102. As of November 25, 2013, no independent director (or his/her immediate family members) owned securities of our Adviser.

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The following table sets forth, as of November 25, 2013, the dollar range of equity securities that are beneficially owned by each of our directors in the Company and in both the Company and Gladstone Investment Corporation in the aggregate. Gladstone Investment Corporation is our affiliate and a business development company that is also externally managed by our Adviser.

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Gladstone Commercial Corporation, our affiliate and a real estate investment trust, is also managed by our Adviser. The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of the common and preferred stock of Gladstone Commercial as of November 25, 2013, by each independent incumbent director and nominee. As of November 25, 2013, none of our independent directors owns any class of stock of Gladstone Commercial Corporation, other than those classes listed below.

Gladstone Land Corporation, our affiliate and an agricultural real estate company, is also managed by our Adviser. The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of the common stock of Gladstone Land as of November 25, 2013, by each independent incumbent director and nominee.

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SECTION 16(a) BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP REPORTING COMPLIANCE

Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act requires our directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities, to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of common stock and our other equity securities. Officers, directors and greater than ten percent stockholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.

To our knowledge, based solely on a review of the copies of such reports furnished to us and written representations that no other reports were required, during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013, all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to our officers, directors and greater than ten percent beneficial owners were complied with.

COMPENSATION DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

None of our executive officers receive direct compensation from us. We do not currently have any employees and do not expect to have any employees in the foreseeable future. The services necessary for the operation of our business are provided to us by our officers and the other employees of our Adviser and Administrator, pursuant to the terms of the Advisory and Administration Agreements, respectively. Mr. Gladstone, our chairman, chief executive officer and president, Mr. Brubaker, our vice chairman, chief operating officer and assistant secretary, and Mr. Dullum, our executive vice president and a director, are all employees of and compensated directly by our Adviser. Ms. Morrison, our chief financial officer, and Mr. Watson, our chief financial officer through April 2013, and our current treasurer, are employees of our Administrator. Under the Administration Agreement, we reimburse our Administrator for our allocable portion of Ms. Morrison’s and Mr. Watson’s salaries. During our last fiscal year, our allocable portion of Ms. Morrison’s compensation paid by our Administrator was approximately $34,800 of her salary, $10,700 of her bonus, and $6,200 of the cost of her benefits and our allocable portion of Mr. Watson’s compensation paid by our Administrator was $21,977.45 of his salary, $6,144.53 of his bonus, and $3,631.26 of the cost of his benefits.

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013, we incurred total fees of approximately $8,444,230 million to our Adviser under the Advisory Agreement and $647,039 million to our Administrator under the Administration Agreement. For a discussion of the terms of our Advisory and Administration Agreement, see “Certain Transactions.”

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DIRECTOR COMPENSATION FOR FISCAL 2013

As compensation for serving on our Board, each of our independent directors receives an annual fee of $20,000, an additional $1,000 for each Board meeting attended, and an additional $1,000 for each committee meeting attended if such committee meeting takes place on a day other than when the full Board meets. In addition, the chairperson of the Audit Committee receives an annual fee of $3,000, and the chairpersons of each of the Compensation and Ethics Committees receive annual fees of $1,000 for their additional services in these capacities. We also reimburse our directors for their reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending Board and committee meetings.

We do not pay any compensation to directors who also serve as our officers, or as officers or directors of our Adviser or our Administrator, in consideration for their service to us. Our Board may change the compensation of our independent directors in its discretion. None of our independent directors received any compensation from us during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013 other than for Board or committee service and meeting fees.

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CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS

Advisory and Administration Agreements

Under the Advisory Agreement, our Adviser is responsible for our day-to-day operations and administration, record keeping and regulatory compliance functions. Specifically, these responsibilities included identifying, evaluating, negotiating and consummating all investment transactions consistent with our investment objectives and criteria; providing us with all required records and regular reports to our Board concerning our Adviser’s efforts on our behalf; and maintaining compliance with all regulatory requirements applicable to us. The base management fee pursuant to the Advisory Agreement is assessed at an annual rate of 2.0% computed on the basis of the average value of our gross assets at the end of the two most recently completed quarters, which are total assets, including investments made with proceeds of borrowings, less any uninvested cash or cash equivalents resulting from borrowings. The Advisory Agreement also provides for an incentive fee, which consists of two parts: an income-based incentive fee and a capital gains-based incentive fee. The income-based incentive fee rewards our Adviser if our quarterly net investment income (before giving effect to any incentive fee) exceeds 1.75% of our net assets (the “hurdle rate”). We pay our Adviser an income-based incentive fee with respect to our pre-incentive fee net investment income in each calendar quarter as follows:

The second part of the incentive fee is a capital gains incentive fee that is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each fiscal year (or upon termination of the Advisory Agreement, as of the termination date), and equals 20% of our realized capital gains as of the end of the fiscal year. In determining the capital gains-based incentive fee payable to our Adviser, we calculate the cumulative aggregate realized capital gains and cumulative aggregate realized capital losses since our inception, and the entire portfolio’s net unrealized capital depreciation, if any, as of the date of the calculation, as applicable, with respect to each of the investments in our portfolio.

Under the Administration Agreement, we pay separately for administrative services, which payments are equal to our allocable portion of our Administrator’s overhead expenses in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including rent for the space occupied by our Administrator, and our allocable portion of the salaries, bonuses, and benefits expenses of our chief financial officer, treasurer, chief compliance officer, internal counsel and secretary and their respective staffs.

Our Adviser is controlled by David Gladstone, the chairman of our Board, our chief executive officer and president. Mr. Gladstone is also the chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer of our Adviser. Terry Lee Brubaker, our vice chairman, chief operating officer and assistant secretary, is a

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member of the board of directors of our Adviser and its vice chairman, chief operating officer and assistant secretary.

During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013, we incurred total fees of approximately $8,444,230 to our Adviser under the Advisory Agreement and approximately $647,039 to our Administrator under the Administration Agreement.

The principal executive office of each of the Adviser and the Administrator is located at 1521 Westbranch Drive, Suite 100, McLean, Virginia 22102.

Loan Servicing Agreement

Our Adviser services our loan portfolio pursuant to a loan servicing agreement with our wholly owned subsidiary, Gladstone Business Loan, LLC (“Business Loan”), in return for a 1.5% annual fee, based on the monthly aggregate outstanding loan balance of the loans pledged under our credit facility. Loan servicing fees paid to our Adviser under this agreement directly reduce the amount of fees payable under the Advisory Agreement. Loan servicing fees of approximately $3,329,483 were incurred for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013, all of which were directly credited against the amount of the base management fee due to our Adviser under the Advisory Agreement.

Loans

At September 30, 2013, we had one loan outstanding to Laura Gladstone, a managing director of our Adviser and the daughter of Mr. Gladstone, in the remaining principal amount of $175,010. This loan is due on July 13, 2015 and accrues interest at 8.26% per annum. Interest on this loan is due quarterly and Ms. Gladstone has made each of her quarterly interest payments to date. This loan is evidenced by a full recourse promissory note and was issued in connection with the exercise of stock options under our former Amended and Restated 2001 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, which was terminated on September 30, 2006 (the “2001 Plan”), by Ms. Gladstone. The loan was made on terms available to all eligible participants under the 2001 Plan and is secured by the shares of common stock purchased upon the exercise of the options. The loan meets the requirements set forth in Section 57(j) of the 1940 Act and is fully collateralized at all times. Mr. Gladstone has not received, nor will he receive in the future, any direct or indirect benefit from this loan.

In the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013, Mr. Gladstone paid off the remaining outstanding principal balance of $2,749,004 on his loan that was due and payable in cash on August 23, 2010 and was in default at that time. This loan was also originally issued in connection with the exercise of stock options by Mr. Gladstone under the 2001 Plan and made on terms available to all eligible participants under the 2001 Plan. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 prohibits us from making loans to our executive officers, although certain loans outstanding prior to July 30, 2002, including the promissory note we received from Mr. Gladstone on August 23, 2001, were expressly exempted from this prohibition. In addition, at all times that the loan was outstanding, it met the requirements set forth in Section 57(j) of the 1940 Act.

On September 7, 2010, each of Mr. Gladstone and Ms. Gladstone executed a redemption agreement with us, each of which provides that, pursuant to the terms and conditions thereof, we will automatically

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accept and retire the shares of our common stock pledged as collateral for their loans in partial or full satisfaction, as applicable, of Mr. Gladstone’s or Ms. Gladstone’s obligations to us under the loans that are in default at such time that the trading price of our common stock reaches $15 per share, if ever. In entering into the redemption agreements, we reserved all of our existing rights under the promissory notes and related pledge agreements, including but not limited to the ability to foreclose on the shares of common stock pledged as collateral for the loans, or additional pledged collateral, at any time. Mr. Gladstone’s redemption agreement was terminated upon the payment of his loan in full.

Conflict of Interest Policy

We have adopted policies to reduce potential conflicts of interest. In addition, our directors are subject to certain provisions of Maryland law (as we are a Maryland corporation) that are designed to minimize conflicts. Under our current conflict of interest policy, without the approval of a “required majority,” as defined under the 1940 Act, which means both a majority of directors who have no financial interest in the transaction and a majority of directors who are not interested persons of ours, we will not:

Where allowed by applicable rules and regulations, from time to time we may enter into transactions with our Adviser or one or more of its affiliates. A required majority of our directors, as defined under the 1940 Act, must approve all such transactions with our Adviser or its affiliates.

Indemnification

In our articles of incorporation and bylaws, we have agreed to indemnify certain officers and directors by providing, among other things, that we will indemnify such officer or director, under the circumstances and to the extent provided for therein, for expenses, damages, judgments, fines and settlements he or she may be required to pay in actions or proceedings which he or she is or may be made a party by reason of his or her position as our director, officer or other agent, to the fullest extent permitted under Maryland law and our bylaws. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the indemnification provisions shall not protect any officer or director from liability to us or our stockholders as a result of any action that would constitute willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of such officer’s or director’s duties, or reckless disregard of his or her obligations and duties.

Each of the Advisory and Administration Agreements provide that, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of their duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of their

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duties and obligations (as the same may be determined in accordance with the 1940 Act and any interpretations or guidance by the SEC or its staff thereunder), our Adviser, our Administrator and their respective officers, managers, agents, employees, controlling persons, members and any other person or entity affiliated with them are entitled to indemnification from us for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of our Adviser’s or Administrator’s services under the Advisory or Administration Agreements or otherwise as an investment adviser of ours.

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

We have delegated our proxy voting responsibility to the Adviser. The proxy voting policies and procedures of the Adviser are set out below. The guidelines are reviewed periodically by the Adviser and our directors who are not “interested persons,” and, accordingly, are subject to change.

Introduction

As an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), the Adviser has a fiduciary duty to act solely in our best interests. As part of this duty, the Adviser recognizes that it must vote our securities in a timely manner free of conflicts of interest and in our best interests.

The Adviser’s policies and procedures for voting proxies for its investment advisory clients are intended to comply with Section 206 of, and Rule 206(4)-6 under, the Advisers Act.

Proxy Policies

The Adviser votes proxies relating to our portfolio securities in what it perceives to be the best interest of our stockholders. The Adviser reviews on a case-by-case basis each proposal submitted to a stockholder vote to determine its effect on the portfolio securities we hold. In most cases the Adviser will vote in favor of proposals that the Adviser believes are likely to increase the value of the portfolio securities we hold.

Although the Adviser will generally vote against proposals that may have a negative effect on our portfolio securities, the Adviser may vote for such a proposal if there exist compelling long-term reasons to do so.

Our proxy voting decisions are made by our Adviser’s portfolio managers. To ensure that the Adviser’s vote is not the product of a conflict of interest, the Adviser requires that (1) anyone involved in the decision-making process disclose to our Adviser’s investment committee any potential conflict that he or she is aware of and any contact that he or she has had with any interested party regarding a proxy vote; and (2) employees involved in the decision-making process or vote administration are prohibited from revealing how the Adviser intends to vote on a proposal in order to reduce any attempted influence from interested parties. Where conflicts of interest may be present, the Adviser will disclose such conflicts to us, including our independent directors and may request guidance from us on how to vote such proxies.

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Proxy Voting Records

You may obtain information without charge about how the Adviser voted proxies by making a written request for proxy voting information to:

Michael LiCalsi, Internal Counsel and Secretary

c/o Gladstone Capital Corporation

1521 Westbranch Dr., Suite 100

McLean, VA 22102

HOUSEHOLDING OF PROXY MATERIALS

The SEC has adopted rules that permit companies and intermediaries (e.g., brokers) to satisfy the delivery requirements for annual meeting materials with respect to two or more stockholders sharing the same address by delivering a single set of annual meeting materials addressed to those stockholders. This process, which is commonly referred to as “householding,” potentially means extra convenience for stockholders and cost savings for companies.

This year, a number of brokers with account holders who are Gladstone Capital Corporation stockholders will be “householding” our proxy materials. A single set of annual meeting materials will be delivered to multiple stockholders sharing an address unless contrary instructions have been received from the affected stockholders. Once you have received notice from your broker that it will be “householding” communications to your address, “householding” will continue until you are notified otherwise or until you revoke your consent. If, at any time, you no longer wish to participate in “householding” and would prefer to receive a separate set of annual meeting materials, please notify your broker. Direct your written request to Investor Relations at 1521 Westbranch Drive, Suite 100, McLean, Virginia, 22102 or call our toll-free investor relations line at 1-866-366-5745. Stockholders who currently receive multiple copies of the annual meeting materials at their addresses and would like to request “householding” of their communications should contact their brokers.

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OTHER MATTERS

The Board of Directors knows of no other matters that will be presented for consideration at the annual meeting. If any other matters are properly brought before the meeting, it is the intention of the persons named in the accompanying proxy to vote on such matters in accordance with their best judgment.

By Order of the Board of Directors

Michael LiCalsi

Secretary

December 13, 2013

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Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting:

The Notice and Proxy Statement and Annual Report are available at www.proxyvote.com.

M63410-P43658

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THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED.

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Important Notice Regarding the Availability of Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting:

The Notice and Proxy Statement and Annual Report are available at www.proxyvote.com.

M63408-P43658

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THIS PROXY CARD IS VALID ONLY WHEN SIGNED AND DATED.